Coordinated Universal Time


:UTC also stands for the University of Tennessee at Chattanooga Coordinated Universal Time or UTC, also sometimes referred to as "'''Zulu time'''", the basis for civil time, differs by an integral number of seconds from atomic time and a fractional number of seconds from UT1. Time zones around the world are expressed as positive and negative offsets from UTC. UTC is the successor of Greenwich Mean Time, abbreviated as GMT, and is still colloquially called GMT sometimes. The new name was coined to eliminate having the name of a specific location in an international standard. UTC bases time measurement on atomic standards rather than GMT's celestial ones. Because the rotation of the Earth slows down, GMT lags behind atomic time, measured by atomic clocks. UTC is kept within 0.9 s of UT1; leap seconds are added (or, theoretically, subtracted) on June 30 or December 31 as necessary. To date -- the first being in 1972 -- all such adjustments have been positive, adding a leap second at 23:59:60. The issuing of leap seconds is determined by the International Earth Rotation and Reference Systems Service, based on their measurements of the Earth's rotation.

General information

"UTC" is not a real abbreviation; it is a variant of Universal Time, abbreviated UT, and has a modifier C (for "coordinated") appended to it just like other variants of UT. It may be regarded as a compromise between the English abbreviation "CUT" and the French abbreviation "TUC" (''temps universel coordonné'').
Converting
Coordinated Universal Time
to Standard (winter) Local Times
Pacific Standard TimeUTC -8
Mountain Standard TimeUTC -7
Central Standard TimeUTC -6
Eastern Standard TimeUTC -5
Atlantic Standard TimeUTC -4
Greenwich Mean TimeUTC
Central European TimeUTC +1
Eastern European TimeUTC +2
Moscow TimeUTC +3
Indian Standard TimeUTC +5:30
Australian Western
Standard Time
Hong Kong Time
China Standard Time		UTC +8
Japan/Korea Standard TimeUTC +9
Australian Eastern
Standard Time		UTC +10
For more, see time zone.
International standard UTC time can only be determined to the highest precision after the fact, as atomic time is determined by the reconciliation of the observed differences between an ensemble of atomic clocks maintained by a number of national time bureaux. This is done under the auspices of the Bureau International des Poids et Mesures (International Bureau of Weights and Measures) (BIPM). However, local clusters of atomic clocks are sufficient for accuracy to within a few tens of nanoseconds. UTC presents problems for computer systems such as Unix which store time as the number of seconds from a reference time. Because of leap seconds, it is impossible to determine the representation of a future date, because the number of leap seconds included in that date is unknown. UTC is the time system used for many Internet and World Wide Web standards. In particular, the Network Time Protocol – NTP is designed as a way of dynamically distributing UTC time over the Internet. There are some classes of software UTC clocks: As indicated in the standards, it is convenient to include the UTC date too. The UTC time zone is sometimes denoted by the letter Z since the equivalent nautical time zone (GMT) has been denoted by Z since about 1950, and by a "zone description" of zero hours since 1920. See Time zone#History. Since the NATO phonetic alphabet and radio-amateur word for Z is "Zulu", UTC is sometimes known as Zulu time.

See also

Category:UTC als:UTC cs:UTC da:UTC de:Koordinierte Weltzeit es:Tiempo Universal Coordinado eo:UTC el: UTC fr:Temps universel coordonné ga:Am Uilíoch Comheagartha he:UTC is:UTC it:Tempo Coordinato Universale ja:協定世界時 nl:Coordinated Universal Time no:UTC pl:UTC pt:Tempo Universal Coordenado ro:Ora universală coordonată ru:Время гринвичского меридиана simple:Coordinated Universal Time sl:Univerzalni koordinirani čas sv:Coordinated Universal Time zh:协调世界时 minnan:UTC
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